Islamic Waqf, Maqashid Shariah, and SDG-11

Authors

  • Aam Slamet Rusydiana SMART Indonesia
  • Nisful Laila FEB Airlangga University
  • Hakan Aslan Sakarya Universitesi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58968/ijw.v3i2.352

Keywords:

Waqf, SDG-11, Sustainable Cities, Maqashid Shariah, Delphi

Abstract

This study aims to determine the opinions and recommendations of experts regarding the waqf model integrated with sustainable development (SDGs) in goal 11, namely sustainable cities and communities. This research will explain the priority of the waqf model in achieving SDG 11 goals by considering Maqashid Shariah indicators. The data were analyzed using the Delphi method to find the main priorities and agreement of the experts. The results show that all variables have been agreed upon by experts. Furthermore, on the SDGs aspect, the environment element is the top priority with an average score of 8.07. In the maqashid shariah aspect, the element of preserving bi'ah (environment) is the top priority with an average score of 7.53. As for the waqf model aspect, the Waqf & Sukuk model is the top priority with an average score of 7.73. This research can be utilized as a reference in the implementation of waqf models that can support the realization of the eleventh goal of the SDGs by considering Maqashid Shariah with priorities according to the findings. This research is the first to comprehensively calculate the experts' assessment of waqf models for the achievement of SDG 11 using the Delphi method and its priority recommendations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abastante, F., Lami, I. M., & Gaballo, M. (2021). Pursuing the SDG11 targets: the role of the sustainability protocols. Sustainability, 13(7), 3858. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073858

Ab Rahman, N. H. (2022). Accelerating SDG 11 Achievements During Covid-19 Crisis: Protecting Children Living in Slums' Rights. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(11), e001986-e001986. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i11.1986

Abdullah, M. (2018). Waqf, sustainable development goals (SDGs) and maqasid al-shariah. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(1), 158-172.

Abubakar, G.N. and Rahman, A.A. (2021), "The Role of Waqf in the Youth Empowerment to Attain the Quality Education in Kano for Sustainable Development Goals", Islamic Wealth and the SDGs, pp. 345-358.

al-Raysuni, A. (2005), Imam Al-Shatibi's Theory of the Higher Objectives and Intent of Islamic Law, The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Ali, K.M., Hassan, M.K. and Ali, A. elrahman E.S. (2019), Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Volume I, Vol. I, available at:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18449-0.

Ali, K. M., & Kassim, S. (2020). Waqf forest: How waqf can play a role in forest preservation and SDGs achievement. Etikonomi, 19(2), 349-64.

Anuar, A.S., Bahari, Z., Doktoralina, C.M., Indriawati, F. and Nugroho, L. (2019), "The Diversity of Waqf Implementations for Economic Development in Hugher Education", Ikonomika, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 13-34.

Arshad, M.N.M. (2014a), "Tertiary Education Sector: How Efficient are Malaysia and the OIC Countries?", Seminar on Sustainable Higher Education Model Based on Waqf.

Arshad, M.N.M. (2014b), "Efficiency of Secondary Education in Selected OIC Countries", Global Education Review, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 53-75.

Ascarya, Rahmawati, S. and Sukmana, R. (2017), "Cash Waqf Models of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil in Indonesia", Al-Awqaf: Journal of Waqf and Islamic Economics, Vol. 10, pp. 115-126.

Ascarya and Tanjung, H. (2021), "Structures of Healthcare Waqf in Indonesia to Support SDGs", Islamic Wealth and the SDGs, pp. 305-324.

Ashur, I. (2013), Treatise on Maqashid Shariah, The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Auda, J. (2007), Maqasid Al-Shari'ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law A Systems Approach, The International Institute of Islamic Thought, available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67tg.8.

Auda, J. (2008), Maqasid Al-Shari'ah a Beginner's Guide, The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Azha, L., Baharuddin, S., Sayurno, Salahuddin, S.S., Afandi, M.R. and H., H.A. (2013), "The Practice and Management of Waqf Education in Malaysia", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 90 No. InCULT 2012, pp. 22-30.

Bahroni, I. (2012), Streamlining Education Institution Through Waqf Enlargement: An Experience of Gontor System, At-Ta'dib, Vol. 7, available at:https://doi.org/10.21111/AT-TADIB.V7I2.79.

Bakar, R., Sakinah, W., Zaini, R.M. and Sarmin, F. (2019), "Corporate Waqf University: A Sustainability Model", Journal of Emerging Economies & Islamic Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 24-36.

Bakhtiari, S. and Meisami, H. (2010), "An empirical investigation of the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty in Islamic countries", International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 293-301.

Barnes, J.L. (1987), An International Study of Curricular Organizers for the Study of Technology, Virginia Tech.

Bsoul, L., Omer, A., Kucukalic, L., & Archbold, R. H. (2022). Islam's Perspective on Environmental Sustainability: A Conceptual Analysis. Social Sciences, 11(6), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060228

Chowdhury, S.R., Fahmi, M. and Ibrahim, M.F. (2011), "Economics of Cash WAQF management in Malaysia: A proposed Cash WAQF model for practitioners and future researchers", Vol. 5 No. 30, pp. 12155-12163.

Dalkey, N.C. (1969), The Delphi Method: An Experimental Study of Group Opinion, Rand Corp Santa Monica, Rand Corp Santa Monica CA, available at: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351106450-3.

Dalkey, N.C. and Helmer, O. (1962), "An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts", Management Science, Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 458-467.

Darus, F., Ahmad Shukri, N.H., Yusoff, H., Ramli, A., Mohamed Zain, M. and Abu Bakar, N.A. (2017), "Empowering social responsibility of Islamic organizations through Waqf", Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 42, pp. 959-965.

Don, M.A.M., Zabidi, M.M., Ahmad, M.F., Sujak, S.F. and Sulaiman, R. (2019), "Integrated Education Waqf Fund Management Model: A Case Study in the State of Johore, Malaysia", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 245-254.

Dukhan, B., Mohammed, M.O. and El Amri, M.C. (2021), "Contributions of Waqf Investments in Achieving SDGs", Islamic Wealth and the SDGs, pp. 501-520.

Fauziah, N.N., Rabiah, E., Engku, A. and Bacha, A.M. (2021), "An Analysis of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk for Socially Impactful Sustainable Projects in Indonesia", Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 001-010.

Filho, W.L., Azeiteiro, U., Alves, F., Pace, P., Mifsud, M., Brandli, L., Caeiro, S.S., et al. (2018), "Reinvigorating the sustainable development research agenda: the role of the sustainable development goals (SDGs)", International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 131-142.

Filho, W. L., Wolf, F., Lange Salvia, A., Beynaghi, A., Shulla, K., Kovaleva, M., & Vasconcelos, C. R. (2020). Heading towards an unsustainable world: some of the implications of not achieving the SDGs. Discover Sustainability, 1, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs43621-020-00002-x

Firdaus, M., Rusli, M. and Abideen, A. (2017), "A Waqf Concept Applied in Higher Education: An Exploratory Study on the Practice of the IIUM Endowment Fund", Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 013-023.

Global Goals. (2023, March 8). Global Goals. Retrieved from GOAL 11 Sustainable cities and communities: https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/11-sustainable-cities-and-communities/

Gupta, U.G. and Clarke, R.E. (1996), "Theory and applications of the Delphi technique: A bibliography (1975-1994)", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 53 No. 2, pp. 185-211.

Hai, A., Kassim, S., & Mohtesham, M. M. J. (2021). An Innovative Sukuk-Waqf for Islamic Microfinance Institutions: Integrating Maqasid Al-Shariah, SDGs and Waqf. Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, 15(1).

Haq, I.U. and Tanveer, M. (2020), "Status of Research Productivity and Higher Education in the Members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln", Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal), No. February.

Harun, F.M., Possumah, B.T., Shafiai, M.H.B.M. and Nor, A.H.M. (2016), "Issues and Economic Role of Waqf in Higher Education Institution: Malaysian Experience", Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 149-168.

Hasan, R., Hassan, M.K. and Rashid, M. (2019), "The Role of Waqf in Educational Development - Evidence from Malaysia", Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 001-007.

Hasan, Z. (2020), "Higher education performance of Muslim countries Islamic economics as an illustrative case", Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 179-192.

Hassan, R., Ali, J. and Noor, F.M. (2021), "Cash Awqaf: How It May Contribute to the SDGs?", Islamic Wealth and the SDGs, pp. 559-577.

Hassan, R. and Noor, F.M. (2021), "How Corporate Awqaf Can Support SDGs?", Islamic Wealth and the SDGs, pp. 539-557.

Hong, K.S. and Songan, P. (2011), "ICT in the changing landscape of higher education in Southeast Asia", Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 1276-1290.

Hossain, B. (2019), "Islamic Microfinance and Rehabilitation Model for the Slum and Floating Population by Waqf Funds, the Case of Bangladesh: A Proposal for Muslim Countries", JKAU: Islamic Econ., Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 139-160.

Hudaefi, F.A., Wahid, H. and Caraka, R.E. (2021), "Zakāh Administration in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Knowledge Discovery via Text Mining", International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, No. April, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2020-0250.

Ibrahim, S. S., Daud, D., Hidayah, K., Shaharuddin, A., & Al-Amin, A. A. M. (2022). Waqf integrated income generating model (WIIGM) for enhancing sustainable development goals (SDGS) in Malaysia: an evaluation of behavioral intention. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2022-0030

Ismail, M. and Mohsin, A. (2011), "Financing through cash-waqf: a revitalization to finance different needs", available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2013-0094.

Jaelani, A., Layaman, Fatmasari, D., Salikin, A.D. and Dz, A. (2020), "Energy conservation and energy management for industry in Indonesia in islamic economic perspective", International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 239-249.

Jannah, M., Ali, K.M., Fatria, B.L., Sarkawi, A.A. and Othman, J. (2021), "Enhancing Waqf Forest Sustainability Through Agrofo", ISLAM REALITY: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 57-71.

Kabbashi, N.A. (2015), "Engineering Education in OIC Countries: Direction to Move", FEIIC-International Conference on Engineering Education and Research, pp. 19-21.

Kamal, S. and Ating, R. (2020), "Proposed Waqf Model for an Affordable Housing Mechanism in Malaysia", International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 87-109.

Khairina, E., Purnomo, E. P., & Malawani, A. D. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals: Environmentally Sound Policies to Maintain Environmental Resilience in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. Journal of National Resilience, 26(2), 155-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkn.52969

Khaliq, A., Hussin, N., Tahir, M. and Haji, S. (2019), "Waqf Unit Trust As an Alternate Model To Realize Waqf Sustainability", European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 0 No. 13, pp. 1-9.

Khan, F., & Haneef, M. A. (2022). Religious responses to sustainable development goals: An islamic perspective. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(2), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i2.1453

Khan, T. and Badjie, F. (2020), "Islamic blended finance for circular economy impactful smes to achieve SDGs", Singapore Economic Review, available at: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590820420060.

Kholid, M., Sukmana, R. and Hassan, K.A.K. (2005), "Waqf through Sukuk Al-Intifa'a: A Proposed Generic Model", Awqaf Journal, pp. 1-16.

Kleespies, M. W., & Dierkes, P. W. (2022). The importance of the Sustainable Development Goals to students of environmental and sustainability studies-a global survey in 41 countries. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), 1-9.

Latif, S. A., Din, N. M. N., & Mustapha, Z. (2019). Good Waqf Governance and its Contribution in Sustainable Development. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies, 4(12), 37-47.

Linstone, H.A. and Turoff, M. (2011), "Delphi: A brief look backward and forward", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 78 No. 9, pp. 1712-1719.

Loë, R.C. de, Melnychuk, N., Murray, D. and Plummer, R. (2016), "Advancing the State of Policy Delphi Practice: A Systematic Review Evaluating Methodological Evolution, Innovation, and Opportunities", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 104, pp. 78-88.

Mahrouzadeh, T. (2019), "Tertiary Education of Women in Islamic Countries (OIC) and the Status of Gender-Balanced Approach", Iranian Journal of Comparative Education, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 23-39.

Marrone, M., Linnenluecke, M.K., Richardson, G. and Smith, T. (2020), "Trends in environmental accounting research within and outside of the accounting discipline", Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 33 No. 8, pp. 2167-2193.

Melander, L. (2018), "Scenario development in transport studies: Methodological considerations and reflections on delphi studies", Futures, Vol. 96, pp. 68-78.

Mitroff, I.I. and Turoff, M. (1973), "Technological forecasting and assessment: Science and/or mythology?", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 113-134.

Misbah, H., Johari, F., Mat Nor, F., Haron, H., Shahwan, S., & Shafii, Z. (2022). Sustainable Development, Regional Planning, and Information Management as an Evolving Theme in Waqf Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 14(21), 14126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114126

Musari, K. (2016), "Waqf-Sukuk, Enhancing the Islamic Finance for Economic Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions", 2nd World Islamic University Leaders Summit, pp. 1-16.

Mustofa, I., Santoso, D. and Rosmalinda, U. (2020), "the Implementation of the Regulation of Cash Waqf Management in Higher Educational Institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia (a Study of Legal System Theory)", Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 69-77.

National Geographic. (2023, March 9). National Geographic Education. Retrieved from Sustainable Development Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sustainable-development-goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities/

Nyoni, C.N. and Botma, Y. (2020), "International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Integrative review on sustaining curriculum change in higher education: Implications for nursing education in Africa", International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, Elsevier, Vol. 12 No. January, p. 100208.

OECD. (2020). How Islamic Finance Can Help Achieve the Sustainable. OECD Policy Paper, 10-40.

Pitchay, A.A., Thaker, M.A.M.T., Mydin, A.A., Azhar, Z. and Latiff, A.R.A. (2018), "Cooperative-waqf model: a proposal to develop idle waqf lands in Malaysia", ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 225-236.

Rahim, A. and Wahab, A. (2007), "Islamic Takaful: Business Models, Shariah Concerns, and Proposed Solutions", Vol. 49 No. June, pp. 371-396.

Rahman, Z. A., Jensen, D., & Lim, A. (2022, September 7). International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Retrieved from Facilitating SDGs with Islamic Finance (Part 1) Malaysia's Leadership in Sukuk: https://www.ifac.org/knowledge-gateway/developing-accountancy-profession/discussion/facilitating-sdgs-islamic-finance-part-1-malaysias-leadership-sukuk

Rana, M.S., Rahman, M.K., Alam, M.R. and Hoque, M.N. (2020), "Waqf-Based Microfinance: An Alternative Solution to Poverty Reduction", Selangor Business Review, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 40-54.

Rusydiana, A. S., Sukmana, R., & Laila, N. (2023). Waqf and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG-17): A Maqasid Framework. Maqasid al-Shariah Review, 2(1).

Rusydiana, A. S., & Al Farisi, S. (2016). How far has our wakaf been researched?. Etikonomi, 15(1), 31-42.

SDG Academy Library. (2019, August 20). SDG Academy Library. Retrieved from Why Cities: The Importance of SDG 11: https://sdgacademylibrary.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/Why+CitiesA+The+Importance+of+SDG+11/1_b0pn3pe9

UN SDGs (2023, March 9). UN SDGs: Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development. Retrieved from Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable: https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11

Sengupta, U., & Sengupta, U. (2022). SDG-11 and smart cities: Contradictions and overlaps between social and environmental justice research agendas. Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.995603

Spencer-Cooke, B. (1989), "Conditions of Participation in Rural, Non-Formal Education Programmes: A Delphi Study", Educational Media International, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 115-124.

Sulaiman, S., Hasan, A., Mohd Noor, A., Ismail, M.I. and Noordin, N.H. (2019), "Proposed models for unit trust waqf and the parameters for their application", ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 62-81.

Sulistiani, S.L., Yunus, M. and Bayuni, E.M. (2019), "The Role and Legality of Micro Waqf Bank in Pesantren Based Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia A . Introduction social society is an important thing", Journal of Islamic Bimas, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 1-26.

Sutisna, Hasanah, N., Dewi, A.P., Nugraha, I., Katmas, E., Mutakin, A., Nurhadi, et al. (2021), Panorama of Maqashid Syariah, CV. Media Sains Indonesia.

Sutrisno and Haron, R. (2020), "Increasing the Role of Zakat Institutions in Poverty Reduction Through Productive Zakat Programs in Indonesia", Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 1243-1250.

Tok, E., Yesuf, A. J., & Mohamed, A. (2022). Sustainable Development Goals and Islamic Social Finance: From Policy Divide to Policy Coherence and Convergence. Sustainability, 14(11), 6875. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116875

Ubaidillah, M., Ismail, M.A. and Noor, M.A.M. (2020), "The Waqf Integrated Financial Instrument of Pension Model in Malaysian Social Security: A Conceptual Proposition", The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 33-55.

UNEP. (2023, March 8). UN Environment Programme. Retrieved from GOAL 11: Sustainable cities and communities: https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-11

United Nations. (2020a), E-Handbook on Sustainable Development Goals Indicators.

United Nations. (2020b), E-Government Survey 2020 - Digital Government in the Decade of Action for Sustainable Development: With Addendum on COVID-19 Response, United Nations E-Government Surveys, Vol. 1, available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2020.

United Nations. (2020c), The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, The Sustainable Development Goals Report, available at: https://doi.org/10.29171/azu_acku_pamphlet_k3240_s878_2016.

United Nations. (2023, March 9). United Nations. Retrieved from Goal 11-Cities Will Play an Important Role in Achieving the SDGs: https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/goal-11-cities-will-play-important-role-achieving-sdgs

UNWomen. (2023, March 3). UNWomen. Retrieved from SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-and-the-sdgs/sdg-11-sustainable-cities-communities

Wahab, A.A.O.A. and Kefeli, Z. (2017), "Modeling the Effect of Healthcare Expenditure and Education Expenditure on Labor Productivity: A Study on OIC Countries", Journal of Business and Economics Review, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 31-37.

Yahaya, M.H. and Ahmad, K. (2018), "Financial Inclusion through Efficient Zakat Distribution for Poverty Alleviation in Malaysia: Using FinTech & Mobile Banking", Proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Management and Muamalah, Vol. 2018 No. September 2000, pp. 15-31.

Yasin, Y., Helmy, M. I., Ma’yuf, A., & Arwani, A. (2023). Waqf and sustainable development law: models of waqf institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 93-114.

Yokhaneh, M. and Baghoumian, R. (2014), "A study on the impact of the quality of management education on the new economy-knowledge: Evidence from members of OIC countries", Management Science Letters, Vol. 4 No. 8, pp. 1655-1660.

Zobair, M. A., & Hoque, M. A. (2019). Role of Waqf to Attain the “SDG-1: Ending Poverty” in Bangladesh. Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Volume II, 15-34.

Zou'bi, M.R. (2015), "Science Education in the Islamic World: A Snapshot of the Role of Academies of Sciences", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 192 No. 2004, pp. 359-363.

Downloads

Published

2024-01-05

How to Cite

Rusydiana, A. S. ., Laila, N. ., & Aslan, H. . (2024). Islamic Waqf, Maqashid Shariah, and SDG-11. International Journal of Waqf, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.58968/ijw.v3i2.352